The Future of Class is Here

At the opening talk, the speaker flew through a series of PowerPoint slides, sometimes three or four of them in a matter of a second or two. But I did learn that nationwide, more money is being spent on wealthier students, and less on low-income students in the form of grants, federal aid, and institutional aid. So, the speaker concluded, more money is going to students who don’t need it. In the past year, there’s been about 17% more money for low-income and about 35% more for high-income students. 60% in aid dollars go to students with no financial need …

At that point someone in the back, who I believe was with the speaker, shouted that it was “entirely possible to measure efficiency among faculty, it’s done in factories all the time!” I laughed, turned to the speaker, and asked him to readdress the question. He started to talk about how courses are taught, how many students one has, about hiring more adjuncts, and holding professors accountable for getting students through. I started to get chills.

I realized that I could meet all of his efficiency requirements by teaching a few 500-person sections, assigning crap work, and giving everyone an “A.” And that would be perfectly acceptable under his model…

It Is Us, by AndrewMc, 9/21/2009 07:00:00 AM, Progressive Historian

College professors don’t like to talk about it but class cuts both ways. On the one hand, a college degree is one of the most basic ways we determine who goes where economically. The United States is a big, complicated social system, but in essence the message is simple: get an education or stay relatively poor and powerless the rest of your life.

At one point, of course, a certain percentage of the working class or poor could side-step this devil’s bargain by getting a job at a unionized work site. Setting aside the potential loss of power represented by the (missing) cultural capital of a college degree, this was a relatively good ideal. As Tecumseh said, “A single twig breaks but the bundle of twigs is strong.”

Outside of the public school system, and a few colleges, there are few of these union jobs left. Too often, now, though, even a good education ensures very little economic security, even among those long thought fully insulated from the vicissitudes of the labor market. Professors are a case in point. For most of the last fifty or sixty years they naively counted on the power of a single twig.

That individualist strategy stopped working at some point in the 1980s or so. The recession cuts in both directions, not just limiting the aspirations of students but also limiting the aspirations of college professors. Capital, as a vulgar Marxist might say, loves a contraction because it can use the opportunity to pursue all sorts of agendas that would be impossible in a functioning economy.

Making Class Society


The evidence on college dropout rates is exhaustively examined in a recent American Enterprise Institute study Diplomas and Dropouts, done by some first-rate researchers (Rick Hess and Kevin Carey, among others). The study shows what veteran college professors like myself have long known, namely that students who come to college well qualified have a very high probability of graduating –the graduation rate at top Ivy League schools is well over 90 percent, while at schools with open admissions that take any high school graduate who can write a check, it is not uncommon for graduation rates to be well below 25 percent.

Two pillars of the Higher Education Establishment, William Bowen and Michael McPherson (former presidents of Princeton University and Macalester College, respectively) have teamed up with Matthew Chingos in their new book Crossing the Finishing Line to apparently argue, according to news accounts (I have not read the book yet) that a major problem is “under-matching”: talented students with lower incomes that fail to go to the best school available, choosing instead to go to schools with low graduation rates and mediocre quality instead of higher quality institutions with low dropout rates.

Why Are Graduation Rates So Low?, Richard Vedder

I am never quite sure what to make of these sorts of articles. It sounds like yet another lament in the “some kids are just not meant for college” vein. Maybe, maybe not. The key term is the phrase “well-qualified.” Professors always say this sort of thing: “If we only had higher standards, our students would do well.” Basically, if our students were educated we wouldn’t have to educate them.

This is especially true in subjects like math and writing. Professors want their students to have “the basics” before they get to college so that they– the professors– can get on to more interesting subjects. Hidden in all of this, of course, are the mechanisms for maintaining the class hierarchy. Is it surprising that the best-funded schools have the best graduation rates?

I feel the same way about this term “under-matching.” It could be yet another euphemism, or it could be an academic attempt– perhaps well meaning– to talk about class. It seems pretty obvious that if you gave schools more money and resources they could increase drop-out rates. Well, it would if you could stop the administrators from spending it on sports and landscaping.

Lies, Lies, and Damn Lies

When critics question the validity of the calculations U.S. News & World Report uses to rank colleges, one answer the editors of the magazine have given is to note that it publishes not only the total rank, but also data on how colleges perform in the various categories that go into the rankings. So a prospective student who cares more about faculty resources or competitiveness or any other factor can see how colleges do there, and judge accordingly.

But if the factor that would-be students and their families care about is a percentage of full-time faculty, you can’t count on the numbers about research universities to be correct. The two universities with the top scores in this category (both claiming 100 percent full-time faculty) have both acknowledged to Inside Higher Ed that they do not include adjunct faculty members in their calculations. U.S. News maintains that colleges do count adjuncts (or are told to) so that figure gives a true sense of the percentage of faculty members who are full time. But the two with 100 percent claims are not alone in boosting their numbers by leaving adjuncts out.

Calculation That Doesn’t Add UpScott Jaschik, September 13, 2009, Chronicle of Higher Education

Two myths dominate the public view of Universities in the U.S.: the myth of the liberal university and the myth of the powerful professor. Part of the problem is that extreme right wing ideas have become so normal-sounding. If a university teaches evolution, or does research into stem cells, it must be liberal. But universities are extremely conservative by nature, if not tradition-bound; as the cliche goes, battleships don’t change direction easily or quickly.

Another measure of their conservative nature is the way universities treat their employees. Slowly, quietly, step by step, institutions of higher education are pulling apart the profession of college professor, dismantling it into what they often call more “flexible” pieces. No job-security, no academic freedom of speech. That brings us to the myth of the powerful professor. In the fairy-tale view, these (always liberal) professors are free to teach what they want, if they teach at all, and cannot be fired.

The American Federation of Teachers and the Chronicle of Higher Education’s responses to the U.S. News and World Report’s college rankings begin to put the lie to that last story. In fact most college teachers are not tenured, much less tenure track. And because the professors are not well-organized, they have so far been unable to stop the ongoing dismantling of their profession. Of course, this is also what happened to auto-workers, and steel workers, and…