Two Steps Forward, One Back

Grand Canyon University, Inside Higher Education reports, has taken the unusual step of giving nearly 100 adjuncts full-time positions (“Adjunct Promotion at a For-profit“) in hopes that “having a cadre of long-term online professors will prove a competitive advantage.” It’s another sign of the ways that the for-profit industry might realign itself in the face of an increased regulatory presence.  Grand Canyon may be the first to try to reorganize by redefining the dominant casualized labor model.

In the old lax regulatory environment the schools made money simply by competing for the huge pool of students who were ignored by the public academic industrial complex. Competition without regulatory supervision led to the abuses which (finally) reawakened the regulatory political will. It remains to be seen if the emerging regulatory regime will have any teeth. Meanwhile the for-profit universities have begun to shift their focus away from the now loosing numbers game and towards building institutional capital.

It’s no small thing to get a full-time job, with benefits, in your chosen profession, in a stalled recovery. That’s a form of employment that capital seemed determined to drive off the face of the earth. On the other hand it’s a deeply paranoid model that only a control freak could love: the teachers are asked to adhere to a specific schedule (8 to 12)  and to work in  a designated work space. On yet another hand, you can organize in that sort of space in a way that was difficult if not impossible with everyone working at home…

The Banality of Corruption

Pepper Spray at UC Davis

In a sane world, this image would galvanize public opinion in the way that the images of civil rights protesters being hosed galvanized public opinion in the 1960’s. In our world, it only underlines the profound corruption that is rotting away the U.S. academic system.  It isn’t dramatic, but it is the sort of evil committed by men (mostly men, so far) in expensive suits making small daily decisions.

It’s a cliché, of course, but it’s also a truism that the last three or perhaps four decades has been dominated by a counter-revolution aimed at the perceived accomplishments of the 1960s.  In academia, this meant, more than anything, a determined and successful focus on the destruction of tenure, academic freedom of speech, and full-time employment. We’ve gone from majority tenure track to majority adjunct in a generation.

That shift meant an increasing concentration of power in administrative offices and a paradigm shift from public service to the competitive market. Meanwhile, as administrators increased their salaries , cut the cost of labor,  and drove tuition up, student financial aid focused on loans and debt. Too often, like UC Davis, the administration armed themselves against their own students.

When students protest this system, the administration is ready to protect its own privilege and power with so-called non-lethal force, claiming that they had no other choice.  Water-boarding, of course, is non-lethal too. At Penn State, the administration protected its own material and social privilege even when it meant tacitly allowing a rapist to roam its football program for years if not decades.  How far do they have to go?

The Rabbit Takes a Hit

Each of the companies has recently taken steps to reform their student-recruiting practices and reduce their dependence on federal student-aid funds. Mr. Marshall, in an interview, dismissed those moves as mostly “window dressing” that don’t deal with deeper challenges. “We don’t think the reforms are going to work,” he said. “The culture within these companies is not changing. (“Firm Says Poor Governance Puts 3 Higher-Education Companies at Risk of ‘Outright Failure‘”)

There’s more evidence this week that the fast rabbit for-profit universities (where I work) may be loosing their advantage against the slow-moving tortoises of the public sector.  This seems particularly serious, because it could impact a company’s ability to attract new investment as well as borrow money at a reasonable rate.  It also suggests the  economic dilemma that will dominate business in the next decade.

For the last two or three decades, and especially in the last decade, a clever company or university could thrive  by taking advantage of the Republican ideology that disabled regulations.  No one was watching. As the regulatory apparatus slowly and unevenly comes back to life, these companies and schools will have to adapt. The pubic schools will no doubt survive but some for-profits may well go out of business.

The line between public and for-profit is blurry, though, and neither side has a monopoly on ethics or effective governance. The for-profits are so reliant on public money they are arguably not really private at all. That’s why the emerging regulatory system is going to have such an impact. And many of the public universities, like Penn State, are as corrupt and greedy as anything on Wall Street.

The Future of Teeth

“I certainly agree with those observers who believe that our current practices in accreditation are so abstract, so subjective, so procedural and so self-referential as to border on being substantively meaningless in assuring institutional quality or integrity,” Barmak Nassirian, associate executive director of the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, told a federal panel that advises Education Secretary Arne Duncan on accreditation issues. (“Accreditors Examine Their Flaws as Calls for Change Intensify“)

 

Academic reform can’t happen without the creation of a national union movement. That’s the first and necessary step in democratizing higher education. The democratization of the university also cannot happen, though, without  the democratization of accreditation. The university system and the accreditation industry are mirror images of the same sorts of corruption.

If universities–public or private–get government money– hopefully, in future, the current system of loans would change to direct grants– then they should conform to democratic norms, including systems of checks and balances to act as a counterweight to administrative power, as well as standards of equitable employment. Democracy ought to feed democracy.

The accreditation agencies, given real teeth in their power to control access to federal money, including research grants, should be similarly democratized, again, in the name of creating institutions that can counter administrative power as well as the power of capital as such. It’s our money, and it should be invested in our futures, not in lining the pockets of the administrator and already wealthy.